What is Computer Languages and its Types

What is Computer Languages and its Types

Introduction of Language

Language is the main medium of communication between computer systems and programming languages are the most common. As we know, the computer only understands binary numbers that are 0 and 1 to perform different operations, but the languages are developed for different types of computer work. The language consists of all instructions to request the task processing system. From the first generation and now the fourth generation of computers, several programming languages have been used to communicate with computers. Here we're going to go into the details of the computer language and its types.

Description of the computer language:

The computer language includes different languages that are used to communicate with a computer machine. Some of the languages, such as programming language, which is a set of codes or instructions used to communicate the machine. Machine code is also considered to be a computer language that can be used for programming. And also HTML, which is a computer language or a sign language, but not a programming language. Likewise, there are different types of languages developed for different types of work to be performed by communicating with the machine. But all languages currently available are categorized into two basic types of languages, including low-level and high-level languages. 

Low-level language: 

Low-level languages are the machine codes where the instructions are given in the machine language in the form of 0 and 1 to the computer system. It is primarily designed to operate and handle all the hardware and instructions set by the computer architecture. The main function of the low-level language is to operate, manage, and manipulate hardware and system components. There are various programs and applications written in low-level languages that can be directly executed without interpretation or translation.

The most famous and the most basic of all programming languages "C" and "C++" have been used as low-level languages to date. Low-level language is also divided into two parts: Machine language and Assembly language.

Machine Language

Machine Language is one of the low-level programming languages that is the first generation language developed for communication with a computer. It is written in a machine code that represents 0 and 1 binary digits inside a computer string, making it easy to understand and perform operations. We know that a computer system can recognize electrical signals so that 0 stands for switching off the electrical pulse and 1 stands for switching on the electrical pulse. The computer is very easy to understand and the processing speed is also increased.

The main advantage of using the machine language is that there is no need for a translator or an interpreter to translate the code, as the computer can understand. But there are also some drawbacks that you need to remember operating codes, memory address every time you write a program, and also hard to find errors in a written program. It is dependent on a machine and can be used by a single type of computer.

Assembly Language: 

Assembly Language is a second-generation programming language that has almost the same structure and set of commands as the Machine Language. Instead of using numbers like in Machine Languages, we use words or names in English forms, as well as symbols. The programs that have been written using words, names, and symbols in the assembly language shall be converted to the machine language using the Assembler. Because the computer only understands machine code languages, that's why we need an Assembler that can convert assembly level language to machine language, so that the computer gets the instruction and responds quickly.

The main drawback of this language is that it is written only for a single type of CPU and does not run on any other CPU. But its speed makes it the most used low-level language to date used by many programmers.

High-level language:

High-level languages are the most widely used and also more widely considered programming languages that help the programmer read, write, and maintain. It's also the third generation language that many programmers have been using and running so far. They are less independent of a particular type of computer and also require a translator that can convert a high-level language into a machine language. The translator may be an interpreter and a compiler that helps the computer to understand binary code. There are several high-level programming languages, such as C, FORTRAN, or Pascal, which are less independent and also allow the programmer to write a program.

The compiler plays an important role on the computer, as it can convert to the machine language, and also checks for errors, if any, before running. There are several high-level languages used earlier and now as COBOL, FORTRAN, BASIC, C, C++, PASCAL, LISP, Ada, Algol, Prolog, and Java. It is user friendly as the programs are written in English using words, symbols, characters, numbers that need to be converted to machine code for processing. 

Concluding:

Since these are some of the computer languages of the third generation, but there are also 4GL or fourth-generation languages that are typical high-level programming languages used to access databases using commands. And you're going to be even happier with the fifth generation of the language used for artificial intelligence and neural networks for high professionals like scientists. But the above programming languages are very close to humans and used to easily write programs and convert them to machine language for easy pick up on a computer machine.

Reference 

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